Photography Tips and Tricks

A camera – is a device with high accuracy, which combines elements of digital electronics, precision mechanics and complex optics.

If you use it properly, comply with the manual instruction that came with your camera and protect it from mechanical damage and contamination, it can work for many years without repair.

You should keep the camera in a hard cover, which protects it from both dust and dirt, and from mechanical impact.

When sharp bumps, dips or other mechanical forces some of the components and parts in the camera may be damaged – in the first place, the lens and the display (LCD).

Dust and sand, which penetrate into the camera, cause premature wear of the rubbing surfaces of the lens zoom mechanism. Tiny grains of sand, falling on the gear teeth of shutter and aperture, focus and zoom motors, often lead to jamming of the lens, and often incapacitate the photo camera.

The camera cannot be stored in a damp location, as the moisture causes corrosion of metal parts, printed circuit and electronic components, resulting in damage of optics and antireflection coating of optical lenses.

We do not recommend using the camera in a bad weather. If drops of water accidentally hit the camera, you should erase them immediately after photography.

Don’t expose the device sharp fluctuations of temperature. In winter, when the camera is brought from the street into a warm room, moisture is condensed on the surface. Therefore, you should not open the pouch and remove the camera as long as it does not warm up to room temperature.

When the camera fell into the water, especially in the marine, you should immediately remove the batteries and dry. After that you have to go to a specialized camera repair shop for cleaning circuit boards and other nodes of the camera with special solutions to prevent further corrosion.

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Modern digital cameras have a large range of features that make them very popular among ordinary photo enthusiasts and professionals. Most digital cameras available today are superior to film cameras, while still having a lot of useful functions.

Digital camera – is an opportunity to select your favorite photos and delete unsuccessful, make movies with sound, connect the camera to the computer to view photos. In addition, the use of a digital camera allows assembling and editing images in various graphic editors without scanning, which means that with the best quality you can replace the background, change the objects, to make the image brighter and improve some details. With a digital camera you can forget about the need for selection and purchase of film, and the process of taking pictures will be very easy. Digital information is not outdated and does not deteriorate, so your pictures will always be with you for all life.

Choosing a digital camera – is a quite difficult challenge even for professional photography. You need to be aware of the different characteristics of the device (the lens, matrix, memory, etc.), their purpose and functionality. When choosing a digital camera, experts advise, first of all, to decide on the purpose of buying, that is, for what tasks you need a digital camera: for home use, the organization of professional photographic studio, production of large posters, etc. Having defined the main goal, it is already possible to understand what specifications of your future digital camera should be. Let us consider in more detail the key features of “digital cameras”.

Matrix.

The so-called matrix of the digital camera is a device with a number of photosensitive elements (pixels). It provides color reproduction, noise, transmission of details and depth of sharpness. The higher the resolution of the matrix, consequently, the more details it will be able to capture. The high density of pixels enables the processor of digital cameras to build color more accurate. Thus, the number of megapixels is responsible for a maximum resolution of the photo which can be made by a camera without losing quality. For the amateur photography it is enough two-five megapixels.

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In this article we consider the classification of cameras.

General-purpose cameras.

These cameras are used for artistic, reportage and consumer photography, shooting groups of people, portraiture and landscape photography, photo-hunting, shooting sports, etc.

As a primary criterion of classification of general-purpose cameras the way of pointing the camera at the subject is typically used, that is the type of used viewfinder, and also the method of focus of shooting lens (it is determined by the type of viewfinder to a large extent) is applied.

From this perspective, the most common terms are:

Reflex camera;

Rangefinder camera;

Compact camera.

The remaining classification differs somewhat for the film and digital technique, and therefore we do not consider them in this article.

Cameras from the sphere of advertising and marketing.

Cameras are divided into amateur and professional, although a clear distinction between them is difficult to conduct.

As a general rule, cameras for professional photography have a wider range of settings available for manual control, greater mechanical resource and range of operating conditions; they include the use of a wide range of interchangeable lenses and accessories. With the development of electronics the amateur (household) cameras, on the contrary, are following the path of maximum automation of shooting.

This simplifies photography for a beginner and in most cases allows getting enough quality shots, but narrows the creative possibilities for experienced photographer, and often does not allow you to capture images in unusual and difficult conditions (low light, fast moving subject, etc.)

Specialized equipment.

In scientific and technical purposes the special cameras that provide a solution of specific tasks are used – such as cameras for aerial photography (aerocamera), satellite imagery, close-ups, high-speed cameras, shooting through special optical systems (microscopes, endoscopes), cameras for shooting outside the visible spectrum, etc.

There are also stereoscopic cameras, shooting simultaneously two frames through two lenses located at a predetermined distance from one another. When looking at these pair images through a stereoscope, you can see three-dimensional image.

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Photo camera – is a device that performs the formation and subsequent fixation of the still image.

Principle of operation.

The transformation of luminous flux.

The luminous flux from the subject is transformed by a shooting lens into a real image; it is regulated according to intensity (lens aperture) and exposure time (shutter speed); it is balanced by the color filters.

Fixation of luminous flux.

In the film camera memorization of the image is on the photographic material (film, photographic plates, etc.), which after shooting is processed chemically or physically.

In the digital camera the image is perceived by an electronic sensor – the matrix; the signal obtained from the sensor has been digitized, memorization is done in the buffer memory and then stored on some media, usually removable (in modern cameras flash memory is mostly used). In the simplest or specialized cameras a digital image can be immediately transmitted to the computer.

Design of the camera.

Any camera has:

Lens with image projection on the sensor element;

Gate (its role can be performed by the lens cover, in simple digital cameras it can be absent);

Housing. It is used to attach the camera mechanisms. It protects the sensitive material from unauthorized light exposure in the process of shooting. Together with the rim of the lens or objective board it can be used to focus adjustment;

Cassette with a photosensitive material, or matrix with associated equipment.

All other elements of the camera do not have a direct impact on the technical quality of the image and can be present or absent in the structure. They determine the ease and speed of the camera, ensure an accurate framing (Viewfinder), help the photographer in identifying shooting parameters (exposure meter, automatic focus and exposure metering), make it easy to take photos in difficult conditions (flash, image stabilizer, etc.).

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